Cyanobacteria is also composed of a wide variety of bacteria species of different shapes are sizes that can be found in different habitats in the environment. << In which a vast amount of Algal Blooms raised at the same time. Enter your e-mail address. Prokaryotic members of this assemblage … /BM /Normal Thallus Organisation 6. /ca 0.65098 Due to the above-mentioned condition, Algal Blooms raised. /Type /ExtGState /Type /ExtGState << The Classification of Algae Table below lists some of the larger groups of algae. /BM /Normal /Type /ExtGState The algae described in this chapter are a diverse and heterogeneous collection of pho-tosynthetic protists that vary from simple, tiny unicells—members of the so-called picoplankton such as . endobj It comes under Kingdom Protista. Protozoa Classification and Examples. Algae possess the usual eukaryotic structures - Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, … Read on to explore more about the types and characteristics of algae in the algae notes provided below. /ca 1 Unique Characteristics – … Because all the algae cannot be endobj Others are non-motile, and some (called seaweeds) are truly multicellular. Ø Different groups of algae have different pigment composition. :>Ax�jWU�%����Ѭ��M�h�&GE{S������}~y��bއ\��.O�jS|�P�Զ�լ��4#�������p�5궚 kj�|F4��w$cY�V��U�Vn���&`&D�o��X��J�A���d��Bzmft Algae Definition endobj y���ۦ'�U�^���KTFTZ�S��2�s�3�Q'��z>[hpT�E.�&�.%�g�t���٠����SG���9�����J[b}"ɯ�d��rzC��eBC�O4� ]��ܡ���~թ*�`����)�X�!|:+{�D'>�h���g����xG��"�˸�������X+�[=Q��i�Sf;�Jj��Q�`�y!�{3�\�i��iU�#�|_����bG{�\=��w. o cell wall composition and structure. Lecture Note in Algae General Characteristics, Ecology / Environmental Science / Diversity PPT, Bryophytes General Characters PPT (Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts), Secretory Tissue in Plants PPT (Structure, Classification and Examples), Pteridospermales PPT (General Characteristics, Classification and Affinities). /Type /ExtGState endobj An algae bloom forms under the correct environmental conditions, including nutrient Ø Algae also shows great diversity in pigmentation. /Type /ExtGState >> Pyrophyta: Chiefly marine; unicellular; presence of two unequal flagella; yellowish green or yellowish … 1.2 ChARACtERIStICS Filamentous algae and seaweeds have an extremely wide panorama of environmental requirements, which vary according to species and location. classification of algae was given by F.E Fritsch (1935) in his book ‘The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae’. This division has all unicellular flagellates. o the presence or absence of flagella (as well as the number and Ecologically, algae are Greeks called the “Phycos” for seaweeds. << 200 species are included in this category. /Filter /FlateDecode ���xg�$pA.�P��]����s`,�E�|,Ǟnϱ�ً��c��"狇$��wm���8�g����+�[3���U������-�^�O`���}6�?C����W�~u�|���ʏN�M��ǹ�T(�;;���)���?3�e�l ��6���s�Rv)�����X&��jP��v?�w�1/�� �.�R505�������#��(s���^v�����y�]+���+i�����U_�o�xr��l�|�lf� ��pWL�:�� �u�ډjƏ;ft���ʑ�e#J��K��2tHq��A�Y��\�d9)�i6��:m�F��D�Az�\�����K����y� M��^�*���u4*�G�tc͙��tSMw_Mfr���r���]&;:YCM�/+���.%=FIK.%c�Lb"�p�[g�9���Q�8gv{yc�ס׍�G��2ҡC�ǤS���6`S€��B�|X��,oj����+/�%&�+6���U��j��s��p��#}G���&�ޘfh���N��Mب],oo_�5�y�eށK>��-�x��ro���UO��yUN��h? /BM /Normal Protozoa is a phylum having unicellular heterotrophs. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. << These are spread across th… 28 0 obj �O���쟰��L�߽�|��=�%(A�cDzf��}�������#�Hɟ���H7P�?��6�����%(A JP���%(A���Ϙ���������%(A JP���%(A JP��� [�G{��%(A JP���%(A JP���_����_c�o���{O���%(A JP���%(�Dh�\V�9L��@b�h General Characteristics and structures – This clade is identified by cell walls made up of overlapping silica tests called a frustule. 27 0 obj Photosynthetic pigments: They possesses chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and small amount of β-carotenoids. Table 1.1 summarizes the groups of algae and their characteristics, such as cell covering and habitat (Sze, 1998). Because they require the basic environmental conditions, this bacteria can be found in a variety of environments ranging from marine to terrestrial habitats. Classification 75 Characteristics 75 Production 76 Chemical composition 76 Use as aquafeed 78 7. /ca 0.85098 26 0 obj /ca 0.2 Some commonly known algae like Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Spirogyra are members of Chlorophycophyta.Chlamydomonas is considered a typical green alga found in soils and freshwater … /Type /ExtGState Examples are Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, and Chara; Phaeophyceae – Also called as brown algae, they are predominantly marine. endobj endobj Biogeography – The diatoms are unicellular algae that are a large component of phytoplankton in oceans and lakes. Chlorophyta is a division of green algae contain chlorophylls a and b, and store food as starch in their plastids. ;�>U1P�[|�wD�s���_��~k[i$�~K;q4��+��_o����W�������t��`�����z²��o���q�;~��.x~m�_�yL�������o�����s/I�:���0�)�C��욥dW��j�>�/ �:���5���%�Q?1Z-�H��M�[N�����1x_*��f*����Ŝ{���i������:��:������—1ǟ������s��G��m�=�\Q� Z����^G�hM;�^�d꜌���_� (TX��P,���n�pؒ#g$;�3�A�� ���/��� ���}��?�����'�A JP�B"�;a�x�?�����b�x֟2����D���>����_|�8n���� Analyses of algae from different habitats and climates can vary; for exam-ple, assessments of phytoplankton and periphyton commonly emphasize the characteristics of all algae in the sample (Stevenson and Bahls 1999), whereas sediment analyses commonly focus on diatom iden-tification. Conclusions 95 Algae 95 Azolla 95 Duckweeds 96 Water hyacinths 96 Other floating macrophytes 97 Submerged macrophytes 98 girls college, Kota << ALGAE IN FILTER PLANTS An algae scrubber filters water by moving water rapidly over a rough, highly illuminated surface, which causes algae to start growing in large amounts. 25 0 obj Ø Distribution pattern of pigments has great taxonomic significance in algae. Chlorophyceae (green algae) Phaeophyceae (brown algae) Rhodophyceae (red algae). 45. 1���ӊ_��#p����1nD@��u!�TI�S�M-AL0ML� NH~�w�nF�;�(�TlUq���3ġ0X�Y���,D �yH��LD:�i"��W�*���%�9P�*(��@n?��b There are many different species belonging to Chlorophyta; some are unicellular, some are multicelluar. … each of these classifications are the algae genus names, species names, and subspecies names, if applicable. >> A generally agreed classification of algae recognizes nine broad taxonomic groups, called Divisions. Learn more: Lecture Note in Algae General Characteristics. ����і��E�4 ���&,�M����%&r_.�t�t�x���Q��m>pg��{�F^���$��K����5o��T�7�ϙm�.���H��+�N��r�Wt5N�1����].+����y�e�p7#;�75�M��a���f��r)U@������uJ�@3o�/4���f��q���e� �K��� Introduction to Algae 2. It was Leeuwenhoek, 1674 who first observed unicellular algae under the microscope. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Morphology IV. /BM /Normal There is three main Algae classification: Chlorophyceae – These are called green algae, due to the presence of pigments chlorophyll a and b. << As the algae grow, they consume nutrients such as inorganic nitrate, inorganic phosphate, nitrite, ammonia, and ammonium from the water. 2. << •The current systems of classification of algae are based on the following main criteria: o kinds of photosynthetic pigments, o type or chemical nature of photosynthetic energy storage products o photosynthetic membranes’ (thylakoids) organization and other features of the chloroplasts. The table below shows each classification and the list of genera included for it in OHHABS. Algae experience restarted or stunted growth if they get favorable conditions but nutrients are present in small quantity. Algae are usually green, but they can be found in a variety of different colours. The account of algae dates back to ancient Chinese literature and it is a believe that along with the origin of plant sciences, the recognition of algae as a group has taken place. /BM /Normal Algal Examples. Characteristics Of Eukaryotic Algae Asexual 1. mitosis (cell division) 2. zoospores (flagellated) 3. For instance, algae living in snow contain carotenoid pigments in addition to chlorophyll, hence giving the surrounding snow a distinctive red hue. Dr. Poonam Jaiswal, Lecturer Botany, JDB Govt. ��~�*��)X�,Q��z ����!�z���#2l�������-�~���:����?���?�S�����w�>�w�o�f�2~M���%��焿�J���E|J�O��ሽ>{�#�=�!������ʻ�{��6�-›�7{�^#�Jx��2�%rb7�E�.�4�_������!�$. /BM /Normal >> Definitions of Algae 3. They have flagella for locomotion /ca 0.8 Mastigophora or Flagellates: They are parasites or free-living. /ca 0.30196 Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water, especially in plankton. CLASSIFICATION No easily definable classification system acceptable to all exists for algae because taxonomy is under constant and rapid revision at all levels following every day new genetic and ultrastructural evidence. Algae have many types of life cycles, and they range in size from microscopic Micromonas species to giant kelps that reach 60 metres (200 feet) in length. Fragmentation (filaments) Reproduction Zygote - diploid cell resulting from gamete fusion Two steps in sexual reproduction: 1. meiosis (reduction division) 2. syngamy (fusion of … 30 0 obj and photosynthetic pigments they contain, algae can be classified into seven taxonomic groups (Rittmann, 2001). Also referred to as blue-green algae and blue-green bacteria, cyanobacteriais a bacteria phylum that obtain their energy through a process known as photosynthesis. The genome structures within Chlorophyta are all different. >> Start studying Algae Classification and Characteristics - Lecture Exam 1. Distinguishing Classes III. These are Chlorophycophyta, Xanthophycophyta, Bacillariophycophyta, Phaeophycophyta, Rhodophycophyta, Chrysophycophyta, Euglenophycophyta, Cryptophycophyta and Pyrrophycophyta. Emergent aquatic macrophytes 89 Classification 89 Characteristics 90 Production 91 Chemical composition 91 Use as aquafeed 93 8. Protozoa are divided into four major groups based on the structure and the part involved in the locomotion: 1. 32 0 obj The key characteristics of algae in the 17 major groups recognized in this book are compared in T able 1. They are either motile or non-motile. Some of the motile and non-motile algae may form a colony known as Coenonbium. General characteristics of algae, Classification of algae based on habitat, Thallus diversity in algae, Chloroplast shape variations in algae, Pigmentation in algae, Reproduction in algae, Life cycle in algae. There are a couple more common and well-known groups of algae. >> %PDF-1.5 When the abundance algae causes a “problem,” typically a surface scum or accumulation on or near a shoreline, it is given the name “algae bloom” and many times “harmful algae blooms” (HABs). (green algae) ~ 16,000 species ~ 90% freshwater I. Algae, singular alga, members of a group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms of the kingdom Protista. << d3���Ids+6.8I��b�n��|zί���X�.��T�7�2yxyX��Nn)���Rn/�����]��Y��I�2�S�����h)��KG��_[����U��K�4Ԇ:�6 �~�s�ɵ�#��g4q?�S��j�U3�q��v�U��Z�A�kT(m�r�F3pnp���1�]^�O��ͩW����r1N;��r�����\���GA�\͡E�`bYl����)Hz>CƢ���3&�R��Tg#Kn���EQ�-P��D�ި�j3�C��i}&$UNM}=9��V*��&�=r�e�F���/��]�U����t�y�,�i�' {�Ϊ&����-����!|����IV �s�]t�v��'���t�|a�m+.l�o?������r�ը���C��o@� 3. wetlands, and coastal zones. 31 0 obj /ca 0.70196 Your email address will not be published. >> Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Classification of algae 1. stream They are commonly found in aquatic environments including freshwater, marine and brackish water. endobj Cryptophyta. Characters 4. >> /Type /ExtGState The following sections discuss the characteristics and use of both ‘true’ algae and the Cyanophyta, hereinafter referred to as ‘blue-green algae’). Download PPT (Algae: General Characters), @. 1. >> Algae Classification. << /ca 0.72157 %���� However, there are some common characteristics across species. /Length 154505 Green algae are considered to be the ancestors of the higher land plants. What are algae? Ø Pigments in algae belongs to three major categories: (1). endobj Occurrence 5. /Type /ExtGState >> >> Nannochloropsis —to macroscopic species that form mats in lakes, streams, and reservoirs. x�� \T�����;3�3,��00p�A�wMFqCL��4�R˴|.�b��V�+����ʖ��j�f�{����^*��w�o@4��z�_����~�{��l��;�s���/4�M����*Tc�;�K�jٖ� �� �ϔ��Q�o2�ڝ��=���bҏ�;@8�@m9~��Yu��”�A�w�ȉ���f�6#`���Y�7�+���Qg�m����v�=���>㜅��G�Xj���̜?k�m_�b�+�1�i�|����o���Yg.�ٵ��`�� �Ϟ���| �+��3����ۢ21'�g�]�h���3 �J�I��hi=k��K7 s`���y3��Ww|��s'�mZ4�u�U��ϣ�1�ea��wč6�E��YMs[^U�n &7�d̟�`���пkx���-�v�� `&޿�c�VgF^����iaC@Lp�����?أ�ez��@2�jA l��`;u��{p�.V驟�k�%&�,[� p ��q,�Q�vPA�j�*��'�������DIi/��w@�yح��=f���C���Ep9��y��C��"��#ް�q6߁h� " �q'SO�. algae in warmer months. Table 1.1: Algae classification and characteristics It is the largest class of algae; They are commonly known as green Algae. Ø The classification of algae by Fritsch is primarily based of the pigmentation in algae. Classes in Detail 2 Hierarchical system of classification: Level: suffix: example: Domain Eukaryote Group Plantae Division -phyta Chlorophyta Class -phyceae Ulvophyceae Order -ales Ulvales The account of algae dates back to ancient Chinese literature and it is a believe that along with the origin of plant sciences, the recognition of algae as a group has taken place. /BM /Normal However, a few species of blue-green algae, such as Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, and Anabaena, produce toxins capable of causing illness in humans and animals.These toxins can cause gastroenteritis, neurological disorders, and possibly cancer. /Type /ExtGState Evolution of Sex. Chlorophyceae (Green algae) General characterstics of Chlorophyceae. Algae can be multicellular or unicellular. 33 0 obj Introduction to Algae: The term algae (Latin — seaweeds) was first introduced by Linnaeus in 1753, meaning the Hepaticeae. 29 0 obj /CA 1 His classification was based on such criteria as pigmentation, types of flagella, assimilatory products, thallus structure ... Characteristics Fritsch’sclassification Bold and << /BM /Normal The algae comprise of a large heterogeneous assemblage of […] The first group is the diatoms, which have a cell wall composed of silica. /Length1 355364 Just like in higher plants, the cells of Chlorophycophyta have a cell wall, a well-defined nucleus and chloroplast.The majority of the members contain one chloroplast per cell. General characteristics of algae, Classification of algae based on habitat, Thallus diversity in algae, Chloroplast shape variations in algae, Pigmentation in algae, Reproduction in algae, Life cycle in algae, Learn more: Lecture Note in Algae General Characteristics, You can DOWNLOAD the PPT by clicking on the download link below the preview…, Please be patient for few seconds to load the PPT preview…, This is an embedded Microsoft Office presentation, powered by Office Online. endobj Green algae include many single-celled, motile organisms. The most conspicuous forms are filamentous and colo- /BM /Normal Ecology / Environmental Science / Diversity PPT, Please Share for your Students, Colleagues, Friends and Relatives…, Your email address will not be published. 36 0 obj Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have no roots, stems, or leaves but do have chlorophyll and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. 1. General Characteristics II. , JDB Govt do have chlorophyll and other pigments for carrying out.! By Linnaeus in 1753, meaning the Hepaticeae across species is the diatoms, which according! Freshwater I ; Phaeophyceae – Also called as brown algae, they are or... Of overlapping silica tests called a frustule their Characteristics, such as covering... 75 Characteristics 75 Production 76 Chemical composition 76 Use as aquafeed 78 7 games, and reservoirs their.. Each of these classifications are the algae notes provided below tests called a.. Of β-carotenoids ; they are commonly known as Coenonbium in this article we will discuss about: - 1 more... Called a frustule 91 Use as aquafeed 93 8 hence giving the surrounding a. A and b, and store food as starch in their plastids PPT algae. Mats in lakes, streams, and reservoirs belonging to chlorophyta ; some are unicellular algae under microscope. Above-Mentioned condition, Algal Blooms raised the diatoms, which vary according to species and.! 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